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Andropause-related health education improves general health and sleep quality in retired men

A quasi-experimental study of 60 retired men at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, found that a four-week virtual andropause health education program via WhatsApp significantly improved general health (P < 0.001) and sleep quality (P = 0.002) in the intervention group compared to no change in the control group. Effect sizes were moderate, with partial eta-squared values of 0.226 for the time-by-group interaction on general health and 0.123 for group effects on sleep quality.

Last updated: Jul 27, 2026β€’1 RCTsβ€’πŸ“– Read as article β†’

Evidence Score

Evidence Score44/100
Human RCTβ˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†
Meta-analysisβ˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†
Mechanismβ˜…β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜…
Safetyβ˜…β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Effects of andropause-related health education on general health and sleep quality among retired men: a quasi-experimental study.

observational

Maghsoudi Z, Rohaninasab M, Ghaemmaghami P, Kouchaksaraei SR, Vizeshfar F Β· Sleep &amp; breathing = Schlaf &amp; Atmung (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: 4 weeks intervention, 2 months follow-up
Intervention: Four-week structured andropause-related health education program delivered virtually via WhatsApp
Outcome: General health (General Health Questionnaire) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)
Effect Size: Ξ·Β² = 0.226 (general health timeΓ—group), Ξ·Β² = 0.123 (sleep quality group effect)
Population: Retired men employees aged 60 years or older at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Result:

PubMed: 42489974DOI: 10.1007/s11325-026-03734-8

Mechanism Graph

Education on andropause symptoms and management
↓
Increased awareness of hormonal changes and health impacts
↓
Adoption of healthier behaviors and coping strategies
↓
Improved general health and sleep quality

Limitations

  • ⚠Quasi-experimental design without randomization concealment details
  • ⚠Small sample size (n=60) limits generalizability
  • ⚠Reliance on self-reported outcomes may introduce bias

Frequently Asked Questions

What was the duration of the health education program?β–Ό

The program lasted four weeks, delivered virtually via WhatsApp.

How was sleep quality measured in this study?β–Ό

Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Did the control group show any improvement in general health?β–Ό

No, the control group showed no significant change in general health (P = 0.834).

What population was studied in this research?β–Ό

The study included 60 retired men employees from Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

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References

  1. 1.Maghsoudi Z, Rohaninasab M, Ghaemmaghami P, Kouchaksaraei SR, Vizeshfar F. "Effects of andropause-related health education on general health and sleep quality among retired men: a quasi-experimental study.." Sleep &amp; breathing = Schlaf &amp; Atmung, 2026. PMID: 42489974 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-026-03734-8
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.