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Better sleep quality and longer sleep duration are associated with fewer depressive symptoms and greater well-being among Kuwait University students, independent of item overlap.

In a cross-sectional study of 389 Kuwait University students, better sleep quality (B = -1.22, 95% CI -1.84 to -0.60; β = -0.20) and longer sleep duration (B = -0.48, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.21; β = -0.17) were associated with lower depressive symptoms. Better sleep quality (B = 4.01, 95% CI 1.72 to 6.30; β = 0.19) and longer duration (B = 1.35, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.33; β = 0.14) were associated with higher well-being.

Last updated: Aug 29, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score34/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Sleep Characteristics and Mental Health Among Kuwait University Students: Sensitivity Analyses for Item Overlap.

observational

Al-Ghadban F, Salman A · Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: Not specified (cross-sectional)
Intervention: None (observational study of self-reported sleep characteristics)
Outcome: Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9-based) and well-being (WHO-5)
Effect Size: β = -0.20 for sleep quality on depressive symptoms; β = 0.19 for sleep quality on well-being
Population: 389 Kuwait University students recruited by convenience from a campus-based physical-assessment study

Result:

PubMed: 42651623DOI: 10.3390/bs16081446

Mechanism Graph

Sleep quality and duration are assessed via self-report
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Depressive symptoms and well-being are measured using validated scales
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Multivariable linear regression adjusts for covariates and item overlap
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Better sleep quality and longer duration are associated with better mental health

Limitations

  • ⚠Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference
  • ⚠Convenience sampling may limit generalizability
  • ⚠Self-reported sleep measures may be subject to recall bias
  • ⚠Sleep latency was not robust to item-3 removal, suggesting potential overlap effects

Frequently Asked Questions

What sleep characteristics were associated with depressive symptoms?▼

Better sleep quality and longer sleep duration were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, while more frequent sleep disturbance and longer sleep latency were associated with more depressive symptoms.

Did the study find any sex differences?▼

No statistically significant sleep-by-sex interactions were detected.

What was the sample size and population?▼

The study included 389 Kuwait University students, recruited by convenience from a campus-based physical-assessment study.

What was the study design?▼

This was a cross-sectional study using questionnaire data and multivariable linear regression with sequential covariate adjustment.

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References

  1. 1.Al-Ghadban F, Salman A. "Sleep Characteristics and Mental Health Among Kuwait University Students: Sensitivity Analyses for Item Overlap.." Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. PMID: 42651623 DOI: 10.3390/bs16081446
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.