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Conserved sleep orthologs, including DnaK (Hsp70), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), and potassium channel family proteins, are present in Sulfurimonas paralvinellae of the Epsilonproteobacteria class, with sequence similarities ranging from 39.13% to 61.45%.

The study identified conserved sleep-related orthologs in the extremophilic bacterium Sulfurimonas paralvinellae, including DnaK (Hsp70), SHMT, and potassium channel proteins, with sequence similarities between 39.13% and 61.45%. Proteins with fewer domains, such as adenylate kinase, showed greater conservation, while bifunctional protein-serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases exhibited adaptations linked to high-pressure/high-temperature environments. Gene Ontology analysis highlighted catalytic activity, potassium channel function, and cellular processes, emphasizing ion channels in sleep-wake regulation.

Last updated: Aug 26, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score32/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
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Study Evidence

Study 1. Studying sleep orthologs in Epsilonproteobacteria through an evolutionary lens: investigating sleep mysteries through phylogenomics.

observational

Pandi-Perumal SR, Saravanan KM, Paul S, Warren Spence D, Chidambaram SB · World journal of microbiology & biotechnology (2025)

Participants: N/A
Duration: N/A
Intervention: Phylogenomic analysis of sleep-related genes in Sulfurimonas paralvinellae
Outcome: Identification and sequence similarity of conserved sleep orthologs (DnaK, SHMT, potassium channel proteins); Gene Ontology categories (catalytic activity, potassium channel function, cellular processes)
Effect Size: N/A
Population: Sulfurimonas paralvinellae (Epsilonproteobacteria class, extremophilic organism)

Result:

PubMed: 40289222DOI: 10.1007/s11274-025-04361-3

Mechanism Graph

Phylogenomic methods applied to identify sleep-related orthologs in S. paralvinellae
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Sequence similarity analysis revealed conservation of DnaK, SHMT, and potassium channel proteins (39.13%–61.45%)
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Domain analysis showed greater conservation in proteins with fewer domains (e.g., adenylate kinase)
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Functional divergence observed in bifunctional kinases/phosphatases due to environmental adaptation
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Gene Ontology analysis linked ion channels to sleep-wake cycle regulation

Limitations

  • ⚠Study is based on computational phylogenomic analysis without experimental validation in S. paralvinellae
  • ⚠Findings are limited to a single bacterial species, reducing generalizability to other organisms or sleep contexts

Frequently Asked Questions

What are sleep orthologs?▼

Sleep orthologs are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene and are associated with sleep regulation, such as DnaK (Hsp70), SHMT, and potassium channel proteins.

Why study sleep genes in bacteria?▼

Studying sleep-related genes in bacteria like Sulfurimonas paralvinellae helps understand the evolutionary origins and conservation of sleep mechanisms across diverse life forms.

What is the significance of potassium channel proteins in sleep?▼

Potassium channel proteins are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle by modulating neuronal excitability and ion flow, as highlighted by Gene Ontology analysis in this study.

How does environment affect sleep gene evolution?▼

Environmental pressures, such as high pressure and temperature in extremophiles like S. paralvinellae, can lead to functional divergence in sleep-related proteins, as seen in bifunctional kinases/phosphatases.

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References

  1. 1.Pandi-Perumal SR, Saravanan KM, Paul S, Warren Spence D, Chidambaram SB. "Studying sleep orthologs in Epsilonproteobacteria through an evolutionary lens: investigating sleep mysteries through phylogenomics.." World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 2025. PMID: 40289222 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-025-04361-3
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