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EEG-based measures (MMN, P300, 40-Hz ASSR, resting PSD) show good to excellent test-retest reliability in clinical high-risk for psychosis and control participants, supporting their use in CHR studies.

In an interim analysis of 654 CHR and 87 control participants, EEG measures demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability (mean G-coefficient 0.72 for CHR, 0.71 for controls). Small but significant decreases in measure magnitudes over sessions were observed, consistent with habituation, but reliability remained sufficient for use as predictors or outcome measures.

Last updated: Aug 26, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score34/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. The electroencephalography protocol for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program: Reliability and stability of measures.

observational

Mathalon DH, Nicholas S, Roach BJ, Billah T, Lavoie S, Whitford T, Hamilton HK, Addamo L, Anohkin A, Bekinschtein T, Belger A, Buccilli K, Cahill J, Carrión RE, Damiani S, Dzafic I, Ebdrup BH, Izyurov I, Jarcho J, Jenni R, Jo A, Kerins S, Lee C, Martin EA, Mayol-Troncoso R, Niznikiewicz MA, Parvaz M, Pogarell O, Prieto-Montalvo J, Rabin R, Roalf DR, Rogers J, Salisbury DF, Shaik R, Shankman S, Stevens MC, Suen YN, Swann NC, Tang X, Thompson JL, Tso I, Wenzel J, Zhou JH, Addington J, Alameda L, Arango C, Breitborde NJK, Broome MR, Cadenhead KS, Calkins ME, Castillo-Passi RI, Chen EYH, Choi J, Conus P, Corcoran CM, Cornblatt BA, Diaz-Caneja CM, Ellman LM, Fusar-Poli P, Gaspar PA, Gerber C, Glenthøj LB, Horton LE, Hui CLM, Kambeitz J, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Keshavan MS, Kim M, Kim SW, Koutsouleris N, Kwon JS, Langbein K, Mamah D, Mittal VA, Nordentoft M, Pearlson GD, Perez J, Perkins DO, Powers AR, Sabb FW, Schiffman J, Shah JL, Silverstein SM, Smesny S, Stone WS, Strauss GP, Upthegrove R, Verma SK, Wang J, Wolf DH, Zhang T, Bouix S, Pasternak O, Cho KK, Coleman MJ, Dwyer D, Nunez A, Tamayo Z, Wood SJ, Kahn RS, Kane JM, McGorry PD, Bearden CE, Nelson B, Woods SW, Shenton ME, Light GA · Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) (2025)

Participants: N/A
Duration: 2 months
Intervention: Electroencephalography (EEG) protocol including mismatch negativity (MMN), auditory and visual P300 (P3b, P3a), 40-Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR), and resting EEG power spectral density (PSD) across two sessions (baseline and month-2 follow-up).
Outcome: Test-retest reliability (Generalizability coefficient) and stability (change over session via paired t-tests) of EEG-based ERP, ERO, and resting PSD measures.
Effect Size: N/A (G-coefficients reported: CHR mean=0.72, range 0.49-0.85; CON mean=0.71, range 0.44-0.89)
Population: Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; n=654) and community controls (CON; n=87).

Result:

PubMed: 40480970DOI: 10.1038/s41537-025-00622-0

Mechanism Graph

EEG measures are recorded at baseline and month-2 follow-up sessions.
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Generalizability coefficients are calculated to assess test-retest reliability.
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Paired t-tests evaluate changes in measure magnitudes over sessions.
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Results show good to excellent reliability with small habituation effects.

Limitations

  • ⚠Interim analysis with limited sample size for controls (n=87) compared to CHR group (n=654).
  • ⚠Small systematic habituation effects observed, which may need to be accounted for in longitudinal studies.

Frequently Asked Questions

What EEG measures were tested in this study?▼

The study tested mismatch negativity (MMN), auditory and visual P300 (P3b and P3a), 40-Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR), and resting EEG power spectral density (PSD) for traditional frequency bands.

How reliable were the EEG measures in clinical high-risk individuals?▼

The test-retest reliability was generally good to excellent, with a mean Generalizability coefficient of 0.72 (range 0.49-0.85) in the CHR group.

Did the EEG measures change over time?▼

Yes, small but significant decreases in measure magnitudes were observed over sessions (e.g., MMN, P300, 40-Hz ASSR), consistent with habituation effects.

Can these EEG measures be used in clinical trials for psychosis risk?▼

Yes, the authors conclude that the reliability is sufficiently strong to support their use as potential predictors of clinical outcomes, markers of illness progression, or secondary outcome measures in controlled clinical trials.

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References

  1. 1.Mathalon DH, Nicholas S, Roach BJ, Billah T, Lavoie S, Whitford T, Hamilton HK, Addamo L, Anohkin A, Bekinschtein T, Belger A, Buccilli K, Cahill J, Carrión RE, Damiani S, Dzafic I, Ebdrup BH, Izyurov I, Jarcho J, Jenni R, Jo A, Kerins S, Lee C, Martin EA, Mayol-Troncoso R, Niznikiewicz MA, Parvaz M, Pogarell O, Prieto-Montalvo J, Rabin R, Roalf DR, Rogers J, Salisbury DF, Shaik R, Shankman S, Stevens MC, Suen YN, Swann NC, Tang X, Thompson JL, Tso I, Wenzel J, Zhou JH, Addington J, Alameda L, Arango C, Breitborde NJK, Broome MR, Cadenhead KS, Calkins ME, Castillo-Passi RI, Chen EYH, Choi J, Conus P, Corcoran CM, Cornblatt BA, Diaz-Caneja CM, Ellman LM, Fusar-Poli P, Gaspar PA, Gerber C, Glenthøj LB, Horton LE, Hui CLM, Kambeitz J, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Keshavan MS, Kim M, Kim SW, Koutsouleris N, Kwon JS, Langbein K, Mamah D, Mittal VA, Nordentoft M, Pearlson GD, Perez J, Perkins DO, Powers AR, Sabb FW, Schiffman J, Shah JL, Silverstein SM, Smesny S, Stone WS, Strauss GP, Upthegrove R, Verma SK, Wang J, Wolf DH, Zhang T, Bouix S, Pasternak O, Cho KK, Coleman MJ, Dwyer D, Nunez A, Tamayo Z, Wood SJ, Kahn RS, Kane JM, McGorry PD, Bearden CE, Nelson B, Woods SW, Shenton ME, Light GA. "The electroencephalography protocol for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program: Reliability and stability of measures.." Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany), 2025. PMID: 40480970 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-025-00622-0
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