HormonesMelatonin

Home-based, self-collected salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) assessment can classify circadian phase profiles into distinct endotypes in a real-world clinical population.

In two studies totaling 553 patients, a pragmatic home-based DLMO protocol identified six profile types: within predicted onset window, delayed, advanced, hypermelatoninemia, hypomelatoninemia, and irregular/multipeak. Among 159 patients with atypical profiles who self-reported symptoms, 94.3% showed concordance between their circadian profile and at least one presenting complaint.

Last updated: Jul 8, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score32/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Dim light melatonin onset profile endotypes in a real-world clinical population with home-based, self-collected salivary assessments: Identification, distribution, and potential clinical relevance.

observational

Stothard ER, Schwartz CS, Okun ML, Granger SW, Aldrich BM, Wiegand BC, Liu Y, McCarty DE, Thomas RJ · Sleep medicine (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: N/A
Intervention: Home-based, self-collected salivary DLMO assessment protocol with hourly samples relative to habitual bedtime, including written/video instructions and optional telehealth guidance.
Outcome: Classification of circadian phase profiles (DLMO within predicted onset window, delayed, advanced, hypermelatoninemia, hypomelatoninemia, irregular/multipeak) and concordance with self-reported symptoms.
Effect Size: N/A
Population: Real-world clinical population (Study 1: n=253, 35.6% male, ages 18-83; Study 2: n=300, 37.3% male, ages 18-89) referred for circadian assessment.

Result:

PubMed: 42392022DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109053

Mechanism Graph

Saliva samples collected hourly relative to habitual bedtime
↓
Melatonin levels measured to determine onset timing and curve shape
↓
Profiles classified into six endotypes based on onset timing and amplitude
↓
Result: Distinct circadian phase endotypes identified with high symptom concordance

Limitations

  • ⚠Abstract does not report validation against gold-standard laboratory DLMO protocols
  • ⚠Potential selection bias due to fee-based clinical service model and targeted follow-up only for atypical cases
  • ⚠No control group or blinding reported

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the six DLMO profile endotypes identified?▼

The six endotypes are: DLMO within Predicted Onset Window (POW), Delayed Melatonin Onset, Advanced Melatonin Onset, Hypermelatoninemia, Hypomelatoninemia, and Irregular/Multipeak profiles.

How was compliance assessed in this study?▼

Compliance was evaluated via targeted telephone follow-up calls for cases with atypical salivary profiles (e.g., absent or indeterminate onset, flattened curves, exogenous melatonin use) or when results were inconsistent with clinical presentation.

What percentage of atypical profiles matched patient symptoms?▼

Of 159 patients with atypical profiles who self-reported symptoms prior to sampling, 94.3% had circadian phase profiles concordant with at least one presenting complaint.

Is home-based DLMO assessment reliable for clinical use?▼

The authors suggest it is viable, as they implemented a pragmatic protocol with written/video instructions and optional telehealth guidance, and developed a reliable coding system for classification. However, the abstract does not provide direct comparison to laboratory-based methods.

Products

Affiliate links coming soon. We only recommend products that match the doses and forms used in the cited research.

References

  1. 1.Stothard ER, Schwartz CS, Okun ML, Granger SW, Aldrich BM, Wiegand BC, Liu Y, McCarty DE, Thomas RJ. "Dim light melatonin onset profile endotypes in a real-world clinical population with home-based, self-collected salivary assessments: Identification, distribution, and potential clinical relevance.." Sleep medicine, 2026. PMID: 42392022 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109053
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.