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Intraoperative low-dose remimazolam maintenance reduces the incidence of emergence agitation without prolonging emergence time in patients undergoing oral surgery

This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial testing whether low-dose remimazolam maintenance during oral surgery reduces emergence agitation (EA) incidence without prolonging emergence time. The trial will enroll 388 patients, with primary outcome being EA incidence (tested for superiority) and key secondary outcome being emergence time (tested for non-inferiority).

Last updated: Jul 15, 2026•1 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score42/100
Human RCT★★☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Effects of intraoperative low-dose remimazolam maintenance on emergence agitation and emergence time in patients undergoing oral surgery: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

observational

Hu X, Fu C, Bi G, Tan Q, Ying Y, Zhao W, Cai X, Yin N, Wang X, Liu H, Meng L, Ji FH, Sun Q, Zhao B, Liu H · Annals of medicine (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: N/A
Intervention: Intraoperative low-dose remimazolam maintenance infusion
Outcome: Incidence of emergence agitation, emergence time, pain scores, analgesic use, PONV rate, rescue antiemetics, PSD, PACU time, hospital length of stay, recovery quality, adverse events, patient satisfaction
Effect Size: N/A
Population: Patients undergoing oral surgery under general anesthesia

Result:

PubMed: 42433169DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2700794

Mechanism Graph

Remimazolam acts as a GABA-A receptor agonist
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Produces sedative and anxiolytic effects during anesthesia
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May reduce stress response and agitation upon emergence
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Result: Lower incidence of emergence agitation without delaying emergence

Limitations

  • ⚠Protocol only; results not yet available
  • ⚠Low-dose remimazolam dose not specified in abstract
  • ⚠Single surgical population (oral surgery) limits generalizability

Frequently Asked Questions

What is emergence agitation?▼

Emergence agitation is a clinically significant complication during early recovery from general anesthesia, characterized by restlessness, confusion, and agitation.

How many patients will be enrolled in this trial?▼

The trial will enroll 388 patients scheduled for oral surgery under general anesthesia.

What is the primary outcome of this study?▼

The primary outcome is the incidence of emergence agitation, tested for superiority of remimazolam over placebo.

Is this study completed?▼

No, this is a protocol paper describing a planned randomized controlled trial; results are not yet available.

Products

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References

  1. 1.Hu X, Fu C, Bi G, Tan Q, Ying Y, Zhao W, Cai X, Yin N, Wang X, Liu H, Meng L, Ji FH, Sun Q, Zhao B, Liu H. "Effects of intraoperative low-dose remimazolam maintenance on emergence agitation and emergence time in patients undergoing oral surgery: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.." Annals of medicine, 2026. PMID: 42433169 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2700794
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.