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Obstructive sleep apnea and mood disorders show a high prevalence of comorbidity, with age and body mass index as significant moderators

This meta-analysis of 23 studies found a significant prevalence of comorbidity between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder), with 446,495 comorbid mood disorders among 2,380,986 OSA patients. Mean age (β=0.18) and mean body mass index (β=-0.18) were identified as significant moderators of OSA prevalence.

Last updated: Jul 30, 2026•0 RCTs•1 Meta-analyses•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score49/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis★★★☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Mood Disorders and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

observational

Yeşiloğlu B, Yeşilkaya ÜH, Bengi D, Şen M, Meriç Özgündüz C, Aksoy B, Ceylan D, Peker Y · Journal of clinical medicine (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: N/A
Intervention: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessing comorbidity prevalence
Outcome: Prevalence of comorbid mood disorders (MDD and BD) in OSA patients, and prevalence of comorbid OSA in mood disorder patients
Effect Size: β=0.18 for age (95% CI 0.03-0.33, p=0.02); β=-0.18 for BMI (95% CI -0.32 to -0.04, p=0.01)
Population: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea and/or mood disorders (MDD or BD) from 23 studies totaling 2,380,986 OSA patients and 5,724 mood disorder patients

Result:

PubMed: 42513392DOI: 10.3390/jcm15145478

Mechanism Graph

Mood disorders and OSA share similar risk factors
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Each condition can worsen symptoms of the other
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Comorbidity affects treatment response
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Result: High prevalence of co-occurrence with significant heterogeneity

Limitations

  • ⚠Substantial heterogeneity across studies was observed
  • ⚠Only 23 studies met eligibility criteria, limiting generalizability
  • ⚠Meta-regression identified only age and BMI as moderators, leaving other potential factors unexplored

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the prevalence of mood disorders in OSA patients?▼

Among 2,380,986 OSA patients, 446,495 had comorbid mood disorders (446,290 with MDD and 205 with BD).

Does age affect the comorbidity between OSA and mood disorders?▼

Yes, mean age was a significant positive moderator (β=0.18, p=0.02), indicating that older age is associated with higher OSA prevalence in mood disorder patients.

How does BMI influence OSA prevalence in mood disorder patients?▼

Mean BMI was a significant negative moderator (β=-0.18, p=0.01), suggesting that lower BMI is associated with higher OSA prevalence in this population.

What study types were included in this meta-analysis?▼

The meta-analysis included 23 observational studies from a systematic review of EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, and APA PsycINFO databases.

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References

  1. 1.Yeşiloğlu B, Yeşilkaya ÜH, Bengi D, Şen M, Meriç Özgündüz C, Aksoy B, Ceylan D, Peker Y. "Mood Disorders and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.." Journal of clinical medicine, 2026. PMID: 42513392 DOI: 10.3390/jcm15145478
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