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Sleep quality improves across a competitive season in collegiate female rowers

This prospective observational study of 12 collegiate female rowers found that sleep quality significantly improved from early to late season (p = 0.009), with small-to-moderate effect sizes. Fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance also decreased significantly, while sleep quantity remained unchanged.

Last updated: Jul 28, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score34/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Mood States Across a Competitive Season in Collegiate Female Rowers: A Prospective Observational Analysis.

observational

Dziugyte R, Sogard AS, Cobb EA, Raglin JS, Mickleborough TD · International journal of exercise science (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: Spring competitive season (exact weeks not specified in abstract)
Intervention: Longitudinal monitoring across a competitive spring rowing season (no specific intervention)
Outcome: Sleep quality (measured via self-report), sleep quantity, mood states (POMS subscales), perceived exertion (RPE), training distance
Effect Size: Small-to-moderate (exact values not reported in abstract)
Population: Collegiate female rowers (12 athletes)

Result:

PubMed: 42499687DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199012000-00018

Mechanism Graph

Athletes adapt to training and competitive demands over the season
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Reduced fatigue and confusion accompany improved psychological well-being
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Perceptual and recovery-related factors (e.g., sleep quality) improve with adaptation
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Result: Sleep quality increases and negative mood states decrease by late season

Limitations

  • ⚠Small sample size (n=12) limits generalizability
  • ⚠Observational design cannot establish causality
  • ⚠Self-reported sleep quality and quantity may be subject to recall bias

Frequently Asked Questions

Did sleep quantity change across the season?▼

No, sleep quantity remained similar throughout the season; only sleep quality improved significantly.

What mood states improved in the late season?▼

Fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance (TMD) were significantly lower in the late season compared with early season.

Was training distance related to mood disturbance?▼

No, weekly training distance was not significantly related to mood disturbance, suggesting psychological responses were more linked to perceptual and recovery factors.

How was sleep quality measured?▼

Sleep quality was assessed via self-report (likely a single-item rating or similar), not polysomnography or actigraphy.

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References

  1. 1.Dziugyte R, Sogard AS, Cobb EA, Raglin JS, Mickleborough TD. "Mood States Across a Competitive Season in Collegiate Female Rowers: A Prospective Observational Analysis.." International journal of exercise science, 2026. PMID: 42499687 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199012000-00018
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.