FlavonoidsApigenin

Sugemule-4 exerts anti-insomnia effects through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms, with apigenin, luteolin, and piplartine as core active components and EGFR as a central target.

This study identified 106 active compounds and 364 overlapping targets for Sugemule-4 in insomnia treatment. Network pharmacology and molecular docking revealed that apigenin, luteolin, and piplartine are core active components, and EGFR is a central target, potentially acting through serotonergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways.

Last updated: Jul 7, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score32/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Prediction of the therapeutic mechanism of Sugemule-4 in insomnia treatment using network pharmacology and molecular docking.

observational

Su R, Wang J, Su D, Su R, Sa C, Bao L · Medicine (2025)

Participants: N/A
Duration: N/A
Intervention: Sugemule-4 (SGML-4) active compounds (apigenin, luteolin, piplartine) analyzed via network pharmacology and molecular docking
Outcome: Binding affinity and stability of protein-compound complexes; enrichment in serotonergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways
Effect Size: N/A
Population: Not applicable (in silico study using databases and computational models)

Result:

PubMed: 41367024DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000046489

Mechanism Graph

Active compounds (apigenin, luteolin, piplartine) bind to EGFR with strong affinity and form stable hydrogen bonds.
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EGFR interacts with other core targets (AKT1, GAPDH, TNF, albumin) in a protein-protein interaction network.
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Pathway enrichment indicates involvement of serotonergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways.
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Result: Multi-target and multi-pathway anti-insomnia effects.

Limitations

  • ⚠The study is entirely computational (in silico) and lacks experimental validation in animal models or human clinical trials.
  • ⚠The databases used may have incomplete or biased data on active compounds and targets, potentially affecting the reliability of predictions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main active compounds in Sugemule-4 for insomnia?▼

The study identified luteolin, pinocembrin, piplartine, lysicamine, and apigenin as the most active compounds, with apigenin, luteolin, and piplartine being core components.

How does Sugemule-4 work in the body to treat insomnia?▼

It acts through multiple targets and pathways, with EGFR as a central target, and involves serotonergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways.

Is there clinical evidence supporting Sugemule-4 for insomnia?▼

No, this study is based on computational predictions and has not been tested in clinical trials or animal models.

What is the role of EGFR in insomnia treatment?▼

EGFR was identified as a core target that forms stable interactions with key compounds like apigenin, luteolin, and piplartine, potentially mediating anti-insomnia effects.

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References

  1. 1.Su R, Wang J, Su D, Su R, Sa C, Bao L. "Prediction of the therapeutic mechanism of Sugemule-4 in insomnia treatment using network pharmacology and molecular docking.." Medicine, 2025. PMID: 41367024 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000046489
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.