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BXSMD elevates ESR1 and ESR2 expression in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of CSD female mice

Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) was found to increase both mRNA and protein expressions of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of female mice with chronic sleep deprivation. The treatment also improved sleep-wake patterns, increased 5-HT, GABA, and MT levels, and decreased Glu, NE, and DA levels.

Last updated: Aug 25, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score24/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Effects of BXSMD on ESR1 and ESR2 expression in CSD female mice.

observational

Wang S, Liu L, Liang S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu X · Journal of ethnopharmacology (2023)

Participants: N/A
Duration: 21 days
Intervention: Oral administration of Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) for 21 days
Outcome: mRNA and protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in hypothalamus and hippocampus; sleep-wake activity (open field test); neurotransmitter levels (5-HT, DA, NE, GABA, Glu, MT)
Effect Size: N/A
Population: Female mice with chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) induced by platform water environment for 21 days

Result:

PubMed: 37517566DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116973

Mechanism Graph

BXSMD contains multiple active compounds (ferulic acid, kaempferol, daidzein, apigenin, berberine, etc.)
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These compounds upregulate mRNA expression of Esr1 and Esr2 in hypothalamus and hippocampus
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Increased ESR1 and ESR2 protein levels activate estrogen signaling pathway
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Result: Regulation of sleep-wake disorder caused by chronic sleep deprivation

Limitations

  • ⚠Animal model (mice) limits direct translation to human chronic insomnia
  • ⚠Chemical composition of BXSMD was identified but specific active compound(s) responsible for ESR1/ESR2 upregulation were not isolated or tested individually

Frequently Asked Questions

What is BXSMD?▼

Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used for thousands of years to treat chronic insomnia.

How does BXSMD affect estrogen receptors?▼

BXSMD increases both mRNA and protein expression of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of sleep-deprived female mice.

What neurotransmitters are changed by BXSMD?▼

BXSMD increases 5-HT, GABA, and melatonin levels, and decreases glutamate, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels in chronic sleep-deprived mice.

Is this study on humans or animals?▼

This study was conducted on female mice with chronic sleep deprivation, not on human subjects.

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References

  1. 1.Wang S, Liu L, Liang S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu X. "Effects of BXSMD on ESR1 and ESR2 expression in CSD female mice.." Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2023. PMID: 37517566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116973
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.