Supplements

GBP supplementation improves delayed verbal memory and reaction time in healthy adults and those with moderate stress

Two exploratory RCTs found that 480 mg/day of a standardized Ginkgo biloba extract with phosphatidylserine (GBP) for 4 weeks improved delayed verbal memory and reaction time versus placebo in healthy volunteers. A second trial in adults with moderate stress showed mood benefits and a trend toward faster reaction times at both 240 mg and 480 mg doses. Effects on cognitive models in the second study were more modest than expected.

Last updated: Jul 7, 2026•1 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score42/100
Human RCT★★☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Health Benefits of a Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract Associated With Phosphatidylserine in Alleviating Mental Stress and Cognitive Performance: Results From Two Exploratory Randomized Trials.

observational

Hawkins K, Davis J, Matias CA, Wilson G, Lowery R, Misiano P, Petrangolini G, Wilson J · Food science & nutrition (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: 4 weeks
Intervention: Ginkgo biloba extract with phosphatidylserine (GBP) at 240 mg/day or 480 mg/day for 4 weeks, with acute single-dose testing at 60 and 180 minutes.
Outcome: Delayed verbal memory, reaction time, mood states, perceived stress, anxiety, cognitive performance.
Effect Size: N/A
Population: Healthy volunteers (first trial) and adults experiencing moderate stress (second trial).

Result:

PubMed: 42294065DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.72001

Mechanism Graph

Ginkgo biloba provides antioxidant and neuroprotective effects
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Phosphatidylserine modulates neurotransmitter activity
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Combined ingredients enhance nootropic properties
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Result: Improved cognitive function and mood regulation

Limitations

  • ⚠Exploratory design with modest cognitive effects in the second study
  • ⚠Preliminary evidence requiring further research to consolidate findings

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GBP?▼

GBP is a combination of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract and phosphatidylserine, tested for mental health benefits.

How long was the supplementation period?▼

Both trials used a 4-week supplementation period with additional acute single-dose testing.

Who were the participants?▼

Healthy volunteers in the first trial and adults with moderate stress in the second trial.

What cognitive improvements were observed?▼

Improvements in delayed verbal memory and reaction time, with a trend toward faster processing speed.

Products

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References

  1. 1.Hawkins K, Davis J, Matias CA, Wilson G, Lowery R, Misiano P, Petrangolini G, Wilson J. "Health Benefits of a Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract Associated With Phosphatidylserine in Alleviating Mental Stress and Cognitive Performance: Results From Two Exploratory Randomized Trials.." Food science & nutrition, 2026. PMID: 42294065 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.72001
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.