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Meal enjoyment, social interaction, and outing frequency are associated with handgrip strength in older women after adjusting for age

In a cross-sectional study of 2206 community-dwelling older women, higher handgrip strength was associated with younger age and more favorable lifestyle behaviors. After adjusting for age, meal enjoyment (p=0.024), social interaction (p=0.001), and outing frequency (p=0.017) remained significantly associated with handgrip strength, while sleep quality (p=0.073) and exercise frequency (p=0.060) did not. Higher lifestyle scores were significantly associated with higher handgrip strength.

Last updated: Aug 16, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score34/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Associations Between Lifestyle Behaviors and Handgrip Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

observational

Maruyama Y, Ueda M · Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: N/A (cross-sectional)
Intervention: None (observational study; lifestyle behaviors assessed via questionnaire)
Outcome: Handgrip strength (categorized into low, middle, high tertiles)
Effect Size: N/A (p-values reported only)
Population: Community-dwelling older women (n=2206)

Result:

PubMed: 42588237DOI: 10.3390/healthcare14152269

Mechanism Graph

Lifestyle behaviors (meal enjoyment, social interaction, outing frequency) may reflect overall physical and social engagement
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These behaviors could promote physical activity and nutritional intake, supporting muscle function
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Social engagement may reduce stress and improve mental health, indirectly benefiting physical function
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Result: Higher engagement in these behaviors is associated with greater handgrip strength

Limitations

  • ⚠Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference
  • ⚠Lifestyle behaviors were self-reported via questionnaire, potentially subject to recall bias
  • ⚠Residual confounding from unmeasured variables (e.g., comorbidities, medication use) cannot be excluded

Frequently Asked Questions

What lifestyle factors were associated with handgrip strength in older women?▼

Meal enjoyment, social interaction, and outing frequency were significantly associated with handgrip strength after adjusting for age.

Was sleep quality associated with handgrip strength in this study?▼

No, sleep quality was not significantly associated with handgrip strength after age adjustment (p=0.073).

What was the sample size and design of the study?▼

The study included 2206 community-dwelling older women and used a cross-sectional design.

Can these findings be used to infer causality?▼

No, because the cross-sectional design does not allow causal inference; only associations can be concluded.

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References

  1. 1.Maruyama Y, Ueda M. "Associations Between Lifestyle Behaviors and Handgrip Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.." Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. PMID: 42588237 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare14152269
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.