MineralsMagnesium

Higher magnesium depletion score is associated with increased risk of circadian syndrome, partially mediated by body mass index

In a cross-sectional study of 12,328 U.S. adults from NHANES 2005-2018, higher magnesium depletion score (MDS) was significantly associated with increased risk of circadian syndrome (OR = 1.193, 95% CI: 1.099-1.295, P < 0.001). Body mass index mediated 21% (95% CI: 12.98-34%) of this association.

Last updated: Aug 26, 2026•0 RCTs•📖 Read as article →

Evidence Score

Evidence Score34/100
Human RCT☆☆☆☆☆
Meta-analysis☆☆☆☆☆
Mechanism★★★★★
Safety★★★★☆
Confidencelow

Study Evidence

Study 1. Magnesium depletion score and circadian syndrome: Mediated by body mass index.

observational

Wang Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Yu P, Wen G, Li K, Zhang X, Xiang R, Zheng Z · Science progress (2026)

Participants: N/A
Duration: N/A
Intervention: Magnesium depletion score (MDS) based on diuretic or proton pump inhibitor use, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and alcohol consumption
Outcome: Circadian syndrome (CircS) defined by metabolic syndrome components, depressive symptoms, and short sleep duration
Effect Size: OR = 1.193, 95% CI: 1.099-1.295
Population: 12,328 participants from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018

Result:

PubMed: 42132340DOI: 10.1177/00368504261451366

Mechanism Graph

Higher MDS indicates greater magnesium deficiency
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Magnesium deficiency may disrupt metabolic and neurological processes
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BMI partially mediates the association between MDS and CircS
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Result: Higher MDS linked to increased CircS risk

Limitations

  • ⚠Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference
  • ⚠MDS is an indirect biomarker, not direct serum magnesium measurement
  • ⚠CircS is a newly defined syndrome with limited validation

Frequently Asked Questions

What is magnesium depletion score (MDS)?▼

MDS is a composite biomarker calculated from diuretic or proton pump inhibitor use, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and alcohol consumption, used to estimate magnesium deficiency.

What is circadian syndrome?▼

Circadian syndrome is a recently defined condition that includes metabolic syndrome components, depressive symptoms, and short sleep duration, reflecting disruptions in circadian rhythms.

How does BMI mediate the link between magnesium and circadian syndrome?▼

The study found that BMI explains about 21% of the association between MDS and CircS, suggesting that magnesium deficiency may influence body weight, which in turn affects circadian health.

Is this study applicable to non-U.S. populations?▼

The study used a nationally representative U.S. sample, so generalizability to other populations may be limited without further validation.

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References

  1. 1.Wang Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Yu P, Wen G, Li K, Zhang X, Xiang R, Zheng Z. "Magnesium depletion score and circadian syndrome: Mediated by body mass index.." Science progress, 2026. PMID: 42132340 DOI: 10.1177/00368504261451366
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Evidence scores reflect the quality and quantity of available research, not clinical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or intervention.