1202 sleep evidence claims,
each scored for scientific confidence
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Representative claims people are checking:
Tart cherry juice (240ml twice daily) increases total sleep time by approximately 84 minutes and improves sleep efficiency in older adults with insomnia. The effect is attributed to natural melatonin content and procyanidins.
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All topics →Ambien, Xanax, Lunesta… and the natural stacks people use instead
Side-by-side comparisons for "[drug] + natural alternative" searches.
Trending Evidence
View all →Melatonin reduces sleep onset latency by approximately 7 minutes in adults with primary sleep disorders
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 19 RCTs (1,683 participants) found melatonin reduces sleep latency by ~7 minutes and increases total sleep time by ~8 minutes. Effects are more pronounced in older adults and those with circadian rhythm disruptions.
Low-dose melatonin (0.5mg) effectively shifts circadian rhythm for jet lag, shift work, and delayed sleep phase syndrome
Melatonin is the most potent chronobiotic available. Administered 5 hours before dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), even low doses (0.5mg) produce a 1-2 hour phase advance. This makes it effective for jet lag, shift work adaptation, and delayed sleep phase syndrome. Timing is more critical than dose.
Glycine reduces sleep latency in human RCTs
Glycine (3g before bed) significantly reduces sleep onset latency and improves subjective sleep quality in healthy adults. Evidence from 3 human RCTs shows consistent effects, with the mechanism involving NMDA receptor modulation and thermoregulation.
Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (150 min/week) significantly improves sleep quality in adults with chronic insomnia
A 4-week RCT found 150 min/week of moderate aerobic exercise significantly improved PSQI scores and objective sleep measures in adults with chronic insomnia. Exercise is recommended as a first-line behavioral intervention for insomnia.
Glycine improves overall sleep quality and reduces daytime sleepiness
Beyond reducing sleep latency, glycine (3g before bed) improves PSG-measured sleep quality including increased REM sleep and reduced nocturnal awakenings. Daytime sleepiness and fatigue are also significantly reduced the following morning.
Ashwagandha root extract (300mg BID) significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep onset latency in adults with insomnia
A well-designed 8-week RCT (n=138) found ashwagandha root extract significantly improved PSQI scores, reduced sleep onset latency, and improved sleep efficiency. Benefits were most pronounced in adults with insomnia and anxiety.
Fresh Evidence
Recently added, highest-rated claims
NIV may confer greater short-term clinical benefit in children with severe acute asthma requiring respiratory support
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of pediatric asthma exacerbations, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) showed the greatest improvement in asthma scores compared to oxygen (MD = 1.24, p = 0.07), reaching significance in sensitivity analysis (MD = 2.5, p < 0.001). High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) showed no significant benefit over oxygen (MD = 0.24, p = 0.58) and was associated with higher failure rates compared to NIV (12.6% vs. 2.6%, OR = 5.3, p < 0.001).
CPAP therapy improves surrogate, intermediate, and functional cardiovascular outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea, particularly blood pressure, left ventricular function, and sympathetic activity.
This umbrella review of 38 systematic reviews and meta-analyses found that CPAP therapy was associated with significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (MD -4.8 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (MD -3.0 mmHg), improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (MD 3.27) and diastolic function (WMD 0.22), and reduced sympathetic activity (noradrenaline SMD -1.10). However, the certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate, and no consistent reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events or mortality was demonstrated.
Single-use negative pressure wound therapy (PICO 7) is a safe and feasible alternative to conventional care for chronic lower limb wounds, with favorable trends in wound area reduction but no statistically significant between-group difference.
In a randomized controlled trial of 31 patients with chronic lower limb wounds, the PICO 7 group showed a higher mean percentage reduction in wound size compared to usual care, but the difference was not statistically significant. No infections were recorded in the PICO 7 group, and quality of life and physical activity remained stable in the intervention group while declining in the control group. A significant negative correlation was found between final wound size and hours of sleep, suggesting wound reduction facilitates better rest.
LCR35 supplementation does not significantly improve pruritus or sleep outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients
In a 12-week randomized, open-label controlled study of 78 maintenance hemodialysis patients, LCR35 supplementation (three sachets daily) showed descriptive improvements in pruritus (5-D Itch Scale) and selected sleep outcomes (PSQI), but none of the baseline-adjusted between-group differences were statistically significant. For example, the 5-D Itch Scale difference was -1.48 (95% CI, -3.64 to 0.68; p = 0.176) and global PSQI difference was -0.80 (95% CI, -2.09 to 0.50; p = 0.225).
Stellate ganglion block may alleviate postherpetic neuralgia by modulating neurovascular function, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and blocking pain transmission pathways, but evidence-based data on its efficacy and safety remain insufficient.
This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stellate ganglion block (SGB) for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The study will search multiple databases up to December 31, 2025, and will use standard meta-analytic methods. The abstract notes that current evidence is insufficient and inconsistent, indicating the need for this review.
Adjunctive mindfulness-based cognitive therapy improves short-term sleep quality in late-life depression
In a randomized controlled trial of 60 older adults with late-life depression, adding MBCT to treatment as usual improved subjective sleep quality (PSQI) at 8 weeks (between-group difference in change: -3.80, 95% CI -6.50 to -1.10) and increased stable sleep duration by 0.94 hours (95% CI 0.17 to 1.71) compared to TAU alone. Reduced functional connectivity between the right nucleus accumbens and left amygdala during meditation relative to rest was associated with greater increases in stable sleep duration (r=0.45, p=0.013).
Evidence Explorer
671 claimsMandatory naptime in childcare settings is associated with increased napping but may reduce nighttime sleep and total daily sleep duration in young children.
A systematic review of 6 studies found that mandatory naptime (tested in 4 studies) was associated with increased napping. One study reported that mandatory naptime was associated with reduced nighttime sleep and total daily sleep duration. Music and massage therapy (each tested in 1 study) were associated with reduced nap latency.
Nurses and midwives perceive poor sleep as an expected and inevitable part of the job, influenced by personal, work-related, and institutional factors, and employ various behaviours to manage sleep.
This systematic review of 33 qualitative studies synthesized 245 findings into 24 categories and 9 synthesised findings. It found that while nurses and midwives view sleep as important, they often accept poor sleep as an unavoidable aspect of their profession, with experiences shaped by personal circumstances, work factors, and institutional practices, and they use strategies like planning sleep time, sleep aids, and environmental modifications.
Stellate ganglion block may alleviate postherpetic neuralgia by modulating neurovascular function, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and blocking pain transmission pathways, but evidence-based data on its efficacy and safety remain insufficient.
This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stellate ganglion block (SGB) for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The study will search multiple databases up to December 31, 2025, and will use standard meta-analytic methods. The abstract notes that current evidence is insufficient and inconsistent, indicating the need for this review.
Testosterone therapy randomized controlled trials exhibit suboptimal reporting of adverse events, including polycythemia, gynecomastia, major adverse cardiovascular events, and obstructive sleep apnea
A critical analysis of 30 testosterone therapy (TTh) randomized controlled trials found highly heterogeneous and suboptimal reporting of adverse events. Only 83% measured hematocrit levels, 23% reported baseline values, 17% reported gynecomastia, 20% reported MACE, and 33% mentioned OSA, with few reporting incidence rates. This underscores the need for standardization in TTh trials.
Clonazepam and melatonin remain principal treatments for RBD in synucleinopathies, but evidence is limited and inconsistent, with clonazepam raising safety concerns and melatonin showing inconsistent efficacy.
A systematic review of 18 studies evaluated pharmacological treatments for vPSG-confirmed RBD in synucleinopathies. Clonazepam showed possible benefit but raised safety concerns, while melatonin was better tolerated but had inconsistent efficacy. Evidence for other agents was preliminary, and larger randomized trials are needed.
Melatonin modestly improves sleep latency and duration in children with cerebral palsy compared with placebo
In a systematic review of 12 randomized controlled trials, melatonin was the only intervention showing modest improvement in sleep latency and duration compared with placebo in children with cerebral palsy. Other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions showed inconsistent or negligible effects. The overall certainty of evidence was low.
Delayed estimated circadian phase is associated with greater restless legs syndrome symptom severity
In an exploratory pilot study of 21 patients with idiopathic RLS and 21 matched insomnia controls, patients with RLS showed a non-significant trend toward delayed estimated dim light melatonin onset (eDLMO) compared to controls (10:01 PM vs 9:33 PM, p=0.069, d=0.58). Within the RLS group, later eDLMO was modestly associated with higher RLS symptom severity scores (β=0.0726, p=0.038) after adjusting for age and depressive symptoms.
PPG-based wearable devices show varying heart rate measurement accuracy across exercise intensities, with Apple Watch SE and Polar Verity Sense demonstrating highest agreement with ECG reference
In 37 healthy young adults, heart rate accuracy of four PPG-based wearables was compared to ECG across exercise intensities. The Apple Watch SE and Polar Verity Sense had significantly lower mean absolute error (MAE) and higher concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) than Polar Pacer Pro and Galaxy Watch 6, with MAE decreasing as intensity increased.
Objectively measured halitosis is not significantly associated with tongue coating, sleep quality, or psychological symptoms among university students
In a cross-sectional study of 62 Brazilian university students, halitosis was detected in 40.3% (95% CI: 29.0-52.7%) using a portable breath detector. No statistically significant associations were found between halitosis and tongue coating, sleep quality (PSQI), or anxiety, depression, and stress (DASS-21). However, significant positive correlations were observed between stress and sleep disturbance, anxiety and sleep disturbance, and depression with sleep latency, daytime dysfunction, and overall sleep quality.
Objective sleep parameters are associated with cognitive performance in euthymic bipolar disorder
In 40 euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder, longer assumed sleep duration was negatively associated with overall cognitive performance (β = -0.38, p = 0.011). Longer sleep onset latency was negatively associated with working memory (β = -0.41, p = 0.014) and processing speed (β = -0.38, p = 0.002), while greater wake time after sleep onset was negatively associated with verbal fluency (β = -0.39, p = 0.016).
High-dose melatonin (30 mg/day) is safe and feasible but does not accelerate early biochemical or radiographic bone healing after tibial fracture fixation within 49 days
In a prospective controlled study, 25 adults with closed tibial shaft fractures received either 30 mg/day melatonin for 49 days post-surgery or standard care. Both groups showed significant increases in ALP and RUST scores over time, but no significant between-group differences were found for ALP (p=0.324) or RUST (p=0.261). The intervention was well tolerated with high adherence (91.7%) and no serious adverse events.
CGM-guided dietary titration improves Time in Range in GSD patients
In interventional settings, CGM-guided dietary titration improved Time in Range from 72% to 86% in gene therapy trials, and reduced serum triglycerides and liver size. CGM consistently identified asymptomatic hypoglycemia, with adult cohorts spending up to 12% of time below range despite normal spot checks.
Newest Studies
All →Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Sleep Quality in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026 · observational
Comparing Respiratory Support Modalities in Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pediatric reports, 2026 · meta
Digital health promotion, prevention and health literacy measures among seafarers and crews on cargo and passenger ships: A scoping review.
PloS one, 2026 · observational
Decreased accumbens-amygdala connectivity is associated with sleep improvement in late-life depression following mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Journal of affective disorders, 2026 · rct
Recently Updated
All →Insomnia induces intestinal microbiota disorder, and artificial interventions targeting gut microbiota can improve sleep.
This narrative review summarizes evidence that insomnia can disrupt intestinal microbiota by activating immune responses, the HPA axis, and neuroendocrine systems, while gut microbiota can exacerbate insomnia via neurotransmitter and inflammatory factor release. Artificial interventions such as probiotics, traditional Chinese medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet, and exercise may improve sleep by affecting neurotransmitter and microbial metabolite release.
Melissa officinalis Phytosome (MOP) improves sleep quality in adults with mild insomnia
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, MOP significantly reduced Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores by an average of 2.9 points compared to placebo (6.8 ± 4.1 vs 9.7 ± 3.7, p=0.003). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) duration increased by 15%, REM sleep decreased by 10%, and 87% of treated participants reported improved sleep quality versus 30% in the placebo group (χ²=21.01, p=0.0003).
Gut microbiota taxa are causally associated with insomnia risk in European ancestry individuals
A Mendelian randomization study identified that Enterorhabdus, Family XIII AD3011 group, Paraprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 increase insomnia risk, while Coprococcus1, Coprobacter, Desulfovibrio, Flavonifractor, Olsenella, Odoribacter, and Oscillibacter decrease risk. For specific insomnia phenotypes, Eisenbergiella increased risk of trouble falling asleep, while Haemophilus and Eubacterium brachy group reduced it; Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, and Olsenella increased risk of waking too early, while Eubacterium brachy group and Victivallis reduced it.
Six hub herb pairs (Radix Astragali-Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong-Radix Glycyrrhizae, Seman Platycladi-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae-Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Polygalae-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Radix Astragali-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) may treat insomnia via the cAMP signaling pathway synergistically with HIF-1, prolactin, chemical carcinogenesis receptor activation, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
This study analyzed 104 TCM prescriptions for insomnia using data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Six hub herb pairs were identified, and network pharmacology suggested they may act through the cAMP signaling pathway in synergy with four other pathways, with molecular docking showing good binding affinity between active ingredients and hub targets.
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