1155 sleep evidence claims,
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Tart cherry juice (240ml twice daily) increases total sleep time by approximately 84 minutes and improves sleep efficiency in older adults with insomnia. The effect is attributed to natural melatonin content and procyanidins.
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All topics →Ambien, Xanax, Lunesta… and the natural stacks people use instead
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Trending Evidence
View all →Melatonin reduces sleep onset latency by approximately 7 minutes in adults with primary sleep disorders
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 19 RCTs (1,683 participants) found melatonin reduces sleep latency by ~7 minutes and increases total sleep time by ~8 minutes. Effects are more pronounced in older adults and those with circadian rhythm disruptions.
Low-dose melatonin (0.5mg) effectively shifts circadian rhythm for jet lag, shift work, and delayed sleep phase syndrome
Melatonin is the most potent chronobiotic available. Administered 5 hours before dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), even low doses (0.5mg) produce a 1-2 hour phase advance. This makes it effective for jet lag, shift work adaptation, and delayed sleep phase syndrome. Timing is more critical than dose.
Glycine reduces sleep latency in human RCTs
Glycine (3g before bed) significantly reduces sleep onset latency and improves subjective sleep quality in healthy adults. Evidence from 3 human RCTs shows consistent effects, with the mechanism involving NMDA receptor modulation and thermoregulation.
Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (150 min/week) significantly improves sleep quality in adults with chronic insomnia
A 4-week RCT found 150 min/week of moderate aerobic exercise significantly improved PSQI scores and objective sleep measures in adults with chronic insomnia. Exercise is recommended as a first-line behavioral intervention for insomnia.
Glycine improves overall sleep quality and reduces daytime sleepiness
Beyond reducing sleep latency, glycine (3g before bed) improves PSG-measured sleep quality including increased REM sleep and reduced nocturnal awakenings. Daytime sleepiness and fatigue are also significantly reduced the following morning.
Ashwagandha root extract (300mg BID) significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep onset latency in adults with insomnia
A well-designed 8-week RCT (n=138) found ashwagandha root extract significantly improved PSQI scores, reduced sleep onset latency, and improved sleep efficiency. Benefits were most pronounced in adults with insomnia and anxiety.
Fresh Evidence
Recently added, highest-rated claims
Post-stroke sleep disturbance/insomnia is associated with female sex, anxiety, depression, and heart disease in stroke survivors
This meta-analysis of 13 studies (6,109 stroke survivors) found that female patients and those with anxiety, depression, or heart disease had significantly higher odds of post-stroke sleep disturbance/insomnia. Sleep disturbance/insomnia was more pronounced during follow-up beyond 3 months post-stroke.
DISCOVER, a brief CBT-based self-referral workshop, improves depression and anxiety outcomes in adolescents with clinical-level depression at 12 and 18 months follow-up.
In a secondary analysis of the BESST cluster RCT, adolescents with clinical-level depression who received DISCOVER had significantly higher odds of achieving normal-range symptoms at 12 months (RRR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.48-15.97, p=0.006) and 18 months (RRR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.11-6.24, p=0.029) compared to treatment-as-usual. Small-to-moderate effects were maintained for depression (d=0.44 at 12 months, d=0.30 at 18 months) and anxiety (d=0.38 at 12 months, d=0.30 at 18 months).
Correction notice for the article on Baduanjin exercise effects on sleep quality, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and body composition in older adults.
This paper is a correction notice for a previously published systematic review and meta-analysis (DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1882039). It does not present new findings but corrects errors in the original article. The original article reported that Baduanjin exercise improved sleep quality, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and body composition in older adults.
Testosterone therapy randomized controlled trials exhibit suboptimal reporting of adverse events, including polycythemia, gynecomastia, major adverse cardiovascular events, and obstructive sleep apnea
A critical analysis of 30 testosterone therapy (TTh) randomized controlled trials found highly heterogeneous and suboptimal reporting of adverse events. Only 83% measured hematocrit levels, 23% reported baseline values, 17% reported gynecomastia, 20% reported MACE, and 33% mentioned OSA, with few reporting incidence rates. This underscores the need for standardization in TTh trials.
Mirogabalin is non-inferior or superior to pregabalin in reducing pain in Asian patients with fibromyalgia
This is a protocol for a prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial comparing mirogabalin with pregabalin in 674 adult fibromyalgia patients with moderate-to-severe pain. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients achieving at least 50% pain reduction at 12 weeks. The study aims to provide evidence on mirogabalin's efficacy and safety in an Asian fibromyalgia population, where direct comparisons are lacking.
Essential oil-herbal sachet intervention improves sleep quality and reduces anxiety in maintenance hemodialysis patients
In a single-center randomized trial, 88 maintenance hemodialysis patients with poor sleep (PSQI >7) were randomized to usual care or usual care plus an essential oil-herbal sachet intervention. At 3 months, the intervention group had significantly lower PSQI scores (7.8 ± 2.6 vs 13.8 ± 2.5; adjusted β = -5.37, 95% CI -6.29 to -4.45, p < 0.001) and lower HADS-A anxiety scores (9.2 ± 2.1 vs 11.8 ± 2.4; adjusted β = -2.61, 95% CI -3.26 to -1.96, p < 0.001). Sleep response occurred in 77.3% of intervention vs 31.8% of control, and anxiety response in 68.2% vs 29.5%.
Evidence Explorer
75 claimsMelatonin reduces sleep onset latency by approximately 7 minutes in adults with primary sleep disorders
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 19 RCTs (1,683 participants) found melatonin reduces sleep latency by ~7 minutes and increases total sleep time by ~8 minutes. Effects are more pronounced in older adults and those with circadian rhythm disruptions.
Low-dose melatonin (0.5mg) effectively shifts circadian rhythm for jet lag, shift work, and delayed sleep phase syndrome
Melatonin is the most potent chronobiotic available. Administered 5 hours before dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), even low doses (0.5mg) produce a 1-2 hour phase advance. This makes it effective for jet lag, shift work adaptation, and delayed sleep phase syndrome. Timing is more critical than dose.
Melatonin improves sleep quality in chronic non-cancer pain patients without increasing adverse events
Moderate-certainty evidence from a network meta-analysis of 98 RCTs (28,920 participants) showed that melatonin significantly improved subjective sleep quality compared to placebo (SMD = -0.60, 95%CI: -0.98, -0.22). Unlike other pharmacological agents, melatonin was not associated with an increased risk of adverse events (OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.19, 3.94).
Melatonin is not superior to placebo for reducing pain in chronic musculoskeletal pain but may provide modest benefits as an adjunct treatment
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 studies (2028 participants), melatonin was not superior to placebo for reducing pain in chronic musculoskeletal pain (MD: -6.76/100, 95% CI: -15.89 to 2.36), but sensitivity analysis excluding high-risk studies showed a significant effect (MD: -10.04/100, 95% CI: -17.68 to -2.39). Melatonin improved sleep quality in chronic MSK pain but not in postoperative pain, and adverse events were mild and transient.
Melatonin provides modest pain relief in chronic musculoskeletal pain but effects are comparable to conventional analgesics and often below minimal clinically important difference thresholds
In a systematic review of 23 RCTs (2028 participants), melatonin was not superior to placebo for chronic MSK pain (MD: -6.76/100, 95% CI: -15.89 to 2.36) but was superior to active controls (MD: -11.21/100, 95% CI: -14.29 to -8.13). Sensitivity analysis limited to low-risk studies showed superiority over placebo (MD: -10.04, 95% CI: -17.68 to -2.39). Sleep quality improved in chronic MSK pain but not postoperative pain, and adverse events were mild and transient.
Melatonin adjunctive to stable pharmacotherapy improves parent-reported sleep disturbances and Stroop Color-Word Test performance in pediatric ADHD over 6 weeks, though causal attribution is limited by the open-label single-arm design.
In 32 children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid sleep disturbances on stable methylphenidate or atomoxetine, adjunctive melatonin (3-5 mg/day) for 6 weeks reduced Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) total scores from 50.25 ± 3.60 to 34.31 ± 2.69 (F=506.238, p < .001, partial η²=0.942). Stroop Color-Word Test scores showed large observed changes (d=1.12-1.19, all p < .001), but practice effects cannot be excluded without a control group.
Hypoxia exposure does not produce a statistically significant circadian phase advance in healthy adults
This exploratory crossover study compared the effects of normobaric hypoxia (12% inspired oxygen for 2 hours) with luminotherapy plus melatonin on circadian phase shifting in healthy adults. The hypoxia condition produced an average phase advance of approximately 35 minutes, which was not statistically significant, while the light and melatonin condition produced a significant phase advance of about 78 minutes. The findings do not support hypoxia as an effective intervention for circadian resynchronization.
Melatonin doses ≤5 mg/day for at least four weeks reduce body weight in humans
This review found that sleep deprivation lowers melatonin levels, which impairs insulin sensitivity via IRS/PI3K/AKT and cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways. Intervention studies using melatonin doses of ≤5 mg/day for at least four weeks showed potential for reducing body weight in humans, though findings on appetite-regulating neuropeptides were mixed.
Melatonin modestly improves sleep latency and duration in children with cerebral palsy compared with placebo
In a systematic review of 12 randomized controlled trials, melatonin was the only intervention showing modest improvement in sleep latency and duration compared with placebo in children with cerebral palsy. Other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions showed inconsistent or negligible effects. The overall certainty of evidence was low.
Clonazepam and melatonin remain principal treatments for RBD in synucleinopathies, but evidence is limited and inconsistent, with clonazepam raising safety concerns and melatonin showing inconsistent efficacy.
A systematic review of 18 studies evaluated pharmacological treatments for vPSG-confirmed RBD in synucleinopathies. Clonazepam showed possible benefit but raised safety concerns, while melatonin was better tolerated but had inconsistent efficacy. Evidence for other agents was preliminary, and larger randomized trials are needed.
Ashwagandha root extract combined with melatonin improves sleep quality in adults with sleep disturbances.
In an 8-week RCT, 200 adults aged 18-50 with sleep disturbances received ARE (300 mg twice daily), MLT (3 mg/day), their combination, or placebo. The combination group showed the greatest reduction in sleep onset latency (p < 0.0001) and significant improvements in total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency (all p < 0.0001).
Melatonin impairs glucose tolerance and first-phase insulin secretion in MTNR1B diabetes risk variant carriers
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 5 mg oral melatonin worsened glucose tolerance (11.7% increase) and reduced early C-peptide responses (19.2% decrease) in MTNR1B G-allele risk carriers, but not in noncarriers. The impairments were driven by a 40% suppression of glucose-stimulated first-phase β-cell responsivity and dysregulated insulin negative feedback.
Newest Studies
All →Efficacy and safety of mirogabalin in patients with fibromyalgia: protocol for a multicentre, Prospective, Randomised, Open-label, Blinded Endpoint (PROBE) study.
BMJ open, 2026 · observational
Essential Oil-herbal Sachet Intervention for Sleep Quality and Anxiety in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Single-center Randomized Trial.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2026 · observational
The Association Between Physical Exercise and Sleep Quality Among Junior Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Social Support and the Moderating Role of Mindfulness.
The Journal of genetic psychology, 2026 · observational
The relation between physical activity and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
PloS one, 2026 · observational
Recently Updated
All →Insomnia induces intestinal microbiota disorder, and artificial interventions targeting gut microbiota can improve sleep.
This narrative review summarizes evidence that insomnia can disrupt intestinal microbiota by activating immune responses, the HPA axis, and neuroendocrine systems, while gut microbiota can exacerbate insomnia via neurotransmitter and inflammatory factor release. Artificial interventions such as probiotics, traditional Chinese medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet, and exercise may improve sleep by affecting neurotransmitter and microbial metabolite release.
Melissa officinalis Phytosome (MOP) improves sleep quality in adults with mild insomnia
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, MOP significantly reduced Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores by an average of 2.9 points compared to placebo (6.8 ± 4.1 vs 9.7 ± 3.7, p=0.003). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) duration increased by 15%, REM sleep decreased by 10%, and 87% of treated participants reported improved sleep quality versus 30% in the placebo group (χ²=21.01, p=0.0003).
Gut microbiota taxa are causally associated with insomnia risk in European ancestry individuals
A Mendelian randomization study identified that Enterorhabdus, Family XIII AD3011 group, Paraprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 increase insomnia risk, while Coprococcus1, Coprobacter, Desulfovibrio, Flavonifractor, Olsenella, Odoribacter, and Oscillibacter decrease risk. For specific insomnia phenotypes, Eisenbergiella increased risk of trouble falling asleep, while Haemophilus and Eubacterium brachy group reduced it; Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, and Olsenella increased risk of waking too early, while Eubacterium brachy group and Victivallis reduced it.
Six hub herb pairs (Radix Astragali-Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong-Radix Glycyrrhizae, Seman Platycladi-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae-Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Polygalae-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Radix Astragali-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) may treat insomnia via the cAMP signaling pathway synergistically with HIF-1, prolactin, chemical carcinogenesis receptor activation, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
This study analyzed 104 TCM prescriptions for insomnia using data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Six hub herb pairs were identified, and network pharmacology suggested they may act through the cAMP signaling pathway in synergy with four other pathways, with molecular docking showing good binding affinity between active ingredients and hub targets.
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