1155 sleep evidence claims,
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Tart cherry juice (240ml twice daily) increases total sleep time by approximately 84 minutes and improves sleep efficiency in older adults with insomnia. The effect is attributed to natural melatonin content and procyanidins.
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All topics →Ambien, Xanax, Lunesta… and the natural stacks people use instead
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Trending Evidence
View all →Melatonin reduces sleep onset latency by approximately 7 minutes in adults with primary sleep disorders
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 19 RCTs (1,683 participants) found melatonin reduces sleep latency by ~7 minutes and increases total sleep time by ~8 minutes. Effects are more pronounced in older adults and those with circadian rhythm disruptions.
Low-dose melatonin (0.5mg) effectively shifts circadian rhythm for jet lag, shift work, and delayed sleep phase syndrome
Melatonin is the most potent chronobiotic available. Administered 5 hours before dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), even low doses (0.5mg) produce a 1-2 hour phase advance. This makes it effective for jet lag, shift work adaptation, and delayed sleep phase syndrome. Timing is more critical than dose.
Glycine reduces sleep latency in human RCTs
Glycine (3g before bed) significantly reduces sleep onset latency and improves subjective sleep quality in healthy adults. Evidence from 3 human RCTs shows consistent effects, with the mechanism involving NMDA receptor modulation and thermoregulation.
Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (150 min/week) significantly improves sleep quality in adults with chronic insomnia
A 4-week RCT found 150 min/week of moderate aerobic exercise significantly improved PSQI scores and objective sleep measures in adults with chronic insomnia. Exercise is recommended as a first-line behavioral intervention for insomnia.
Glycine improves overall sleep quality and reduces daytime sleepiness
Beyond reducing sleep latency, glycine (3g before bed) improves PSG-measured sleep quality including increased REM sleep and reduced nocturnal awakenings. Daytime sleepiness and fatigue are also significantly reduced the following morning.
Ashwagandha root extract (300mg BID) significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep onset latency in adults with insomnia
A well-designed 8-week RCT (n=138) found ashwagandha root extract significantly improved PSQI scores, reduced sleep onset latency, and improved sleep efficiency. Benefits were most pronounced in adults with insomnia and anxiety.
Fresh Evidence
Recently added, highest-rated claims
Post-stroke sleep disturbance/insomnia is associated with female sex, anxiety, depression, and heart disease in stroke survivors
This meta-analysis of 13 studies (6,109 stroke survivors) found that female patients and those with anxiety, depression, or heart disease had significantly higher odds of post-stroke sleep disturbance/insomnia. Sleep disturbance/insomnia was more pronounced during follow-up beyond 3 months post-stroke.
Baduanjin exercise improves sleep quality in older adults
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials with 1,527 participants found that Baduanjin significantly improved sleep quality (MD = -2.81, 95% CI: -3.38 to -2.24, p < 0.001). The intervention also reduced depressive symptoms and improved quality of life, body composition, and handgrip strength.
DISCOVER, a brief CBT-based self-referral workshop, improves depression and anxiety outcomes in adolescents with clinical-level depression at 12 and 18 months follow-up.
In a secondary analysis of the BESST cluster RCT, adolescents with clinical-level depression who received DISCOVER had significantly higher odds of achieving normal-range symptoms at 12 months (RRR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.48-15.97, p=0.006) and 18 months (RRR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.11-6.24, p=0.029) compared to treatment-as-usual. Small-to-moderate effects were maintained for depression (d=0.44 at 12 months, d=0.30 at 18 months) and anxiety (d=0.38 at 12 months, d=0.30 at 18 months).
Correction notice for the article on Baduanjin exercise effects on sleep quality, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and body composition in older adults.
This paper is a correction notice for a previously published systematic review and meta-analysis (DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1882039). It does not present new findings but corrects errors in the original article. The original article reported that Baduanjin exercise improved sleep quality, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and body composition in older adults.
Testosterone therapy randomized controlled trials exhibit suboptimal reporting of adverse events, including polycythemia, gynecomastia, major adverse cardiovascular events, and obstructive sleep apnea
A critical analysis of 30 testosterone therapy (TTh) randomized controlled trials found highly heterogeneous and suboptimal reporting of adverse events. Only 83% measured hematocrit levels, 23% reported baseline values, 17% reported gynecomastia, 20% reported MACE, and 33% mentioned OSA, with few reporting incidence rates. This underscores the need for standardization in TTh trials.
Mirogabalin is non-inferior or superior to pregabalin in reducing pain in Asian patients with fibromyalgia
This is a protocol for a prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial comparing mirogabalin with pregabalin in 674 adult fibromyalgia patients with moderate-to-severe pain. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients achieving at least 50% pain reduction at 12 weeks. The study aims to provide evidence on mirogabalin's efficacy and safety in an Asian fibromyalgia population, where direct comparisons are lacking.
Evidence Explorer
100 claimsPhYoMind intervention (physiotherapy-integrated yoga and mindfulness) plus home exercise improves disease impact and functional impairment in fibromyalgia syndrome compared to home exercise alone
This protocol describes an 8-week randomized controlled trial (n=40) comparing PhYoMind (physiotherapy, yoga, and mindfulness) plus home exercise versus home exercise alone in individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome. The primary outcome is the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total score, with secondary outcomes including sleep quality, pain, fatigue, and autonomic function. The study is powered at 80% with an effect size of Cohen's f=0.675.
Evening high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) produce similar acute changes in circadian core body temperature mesor and phase in adults with obesity, with a borderline non-significant difference in amplitude change.
In a randomized crossover trial of 9 adult males with obesity, evening HIIT (~30 min at 90% HRR) and MIIT (~50 min at 60% HRR) both produced approximately one-hour phase advances in circadian core body temperature rhythm. The change in circadian temperature amplitude differed in direction between conditions (MIIT -0.01 ± 0.19 °C; HIIT +0.12 ± 0.24 °C) but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.060, d_z = 0.73).
Adding supervised exercise to ergonomics training does not provide statistically significant additional benefit over ergonomics training alone for pain intensity in construction workers with work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
In a 12-week randomized controlled trial of 52 male construction workers with musculoskeletal complaints, both ergonomics training plus exercise and ergonomics training alone significantly improved pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and symptom burden from baseline. However, the between-group difference in pain intensity was not statistically significant (adjusted difference -0.34, 95% CI -0.99 to 0.32), and no significant incremental effect of added exercise was found on any secondary outcome.
A structured recreational exercise program reduces digital addiction and improves sleep quality in children aged 10-14
An 8-week recreational exercise program (3 sessions per week) significantly reduced digital addiction levels and improved sleep quality in 40 children aged 10-14, with large effect sizes. Improvements were maintained at a 6-week follow-up, while the control group showed no significant changes.
Evening endurance exercise performance is superior to morning performance, and circadian phenotype is associated with the magnitude of this diurnal variation.
In 24 healthy young adults, a 10-min cycling time trial showed significantly higher mean power, peak power, and distance covered in the evening (17:00-18:00) compared to morning (08:00-09:00). Chronotype and sleep midpoint accounted for 22% and 27% of the variance in the morning-evening performance difference, respectively.
Nature-based exercise therapies (surf or hike) reduce residual depression symptoms in service members with MDD, but sleep difficulties, low energy, and appetite changes commonly persist even among those who lose their diagnosis
In a secondary analysis of an RCT comparing weekly surf or hike therapy among 96 active duty service members with MDD, both interventions significantly improved depression symptoms. Among 88 completers, loss of MDD diagnosis reduced odds of most residual symptoms (ps ≤ .039), but sleep difficulties (56%), low energy (38%), and appetite changes (22%) remained common at postprogram even in those who lost diagnosis. Exercise type did not affect residual symptom odds.
Six weeks of exercise training improves parasympathetic heart rate variability in obese adults, but the effect on sympathetic HRV differs by obstructive sleep apnea severity
In obese adults, a six-week supervised exercise program improved cardiorespiratory fitness and parasympathetic HRV (VLF%, HF%) across the sample. However, an interaction effect showed that SDNN increased in those with no/mild OSA but decreased in those with moderate/severe OSA, suggesting insufficient sympathetic improvement in the latter group.
Niacin ingestion during exercise suppresses fatty acid availability and increases carbohydrate oxidation, but does not detectably influence post-exercise energy intake.
In a crossover study of 15 healthy participants (5 female), niacin ingestion during cycling suppressed plasma NEFA concentrations and total fat oxidation (mean difference vs fasted: -9±5 g, p=0.001), similar to carbohydrate ingestion. Niacin increased plasma GLP-1 total concentrations compared to fasting, but ad libitum energy intake two hours post-exercise did not differ between conditions (FAST 833±206 kcal, CARB 786±219 kcal, NIACIN 780±158 kcal, p=0.37).
A 20-min exercise session and a 90-min nap both preserve episodic memory encoding after 30 hours of sleep loss, with distinct neural mechanisms.
In a randomized controlled trial, both a 20-min exercise session and a 90-min nap improved episodic memory encoding after 30 hours of sleep deprivation by an average of 22% compared to a no-intervention control. EEG revealed that napping reduced neural fatigue and sleep pressure, while exercise enhanced episodic memory-related neural processing. These findings support the principle of neural degeneracy, where different interventions can achieve similar cognitive benefits through distinct brain mechanisms.
Total physical activity moderates the effect of exercise type on high-altitude acclimatization among college students
In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 295 college students at high altitude participated in either basketball or badminton for 18 weeks. The effect of exercise type on high-altitude acclimatization was significantly moderated by total physical activity (interaction B = -2.9965, p = 0.0056), with badminton showing better adaptation than basketball only at high activity levels. Sleep quality did not mediate this relationship.
Progressive relaxation exercises reduce postoperative pain and improve sleep quality in patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery
In a randomized controlled trial of 96 patients undergoing total knee replacement, progressive relaxation exercises led to significantly faster and greater reductions in postoperative pain (F=14.11, P=.000, η²=0.131) and significantly greater improvements in sleep quality (F=14.22, P<.001, η²=0.131) compared to control. Recovery index scores also improved more in the intervention group (F=6.531, P=.000, η²=0.065).
Home-based remotely supervised high intensity interval training (HIIT) improves aerobic fitness and reduces fat mass in older adults
In older adults (61-74 years), 8 weeks of home-based remotely supervised HIIT on an all-extremity non-weight-bearing ergometer increased maximal oxygen consumption by 4.5 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ and decreased fat mass by 1.4 kg, while no adverse events occurred and 96% of sessions were completed. Aerobic fitness declined during the control period but improved significantly after HIIT.
Newest Studies
All →Efficacy and safety of mirogabalin in patients with fibromyalgia: protocol for a multicentre, Prospective, Randomised, Open-label, Blinded Endpoint (PROBE) study.
BMJ open, 2026 · observational
Essential Oil-herbal Sachet Intervention for Sleep Quality and Anxiety in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Single-center Randomized Trial.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2026 · observational
The Association Between Physical Exercise and Sleep Quality Among Junior Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Social Support and the Moderating Role of Mindfulness.
The Journal of genetic psychology, 2026 · observational
The relation between physical activity and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
PloS one, 2026 · observational
Recently Updated
All →Insomnia induces intestinal microbiota disorder, and artificial interventions targeting gut microbiota can improve sleep.
This narrative review summarizes evidence that insomnia can disrupt intestinal microbiota by activating immune responses, the HPA axis, and neuroendocrine systems, while gut microbiota can exacerbate insomnia via neurotransmitter and inflammatory factor release. Artificial interventions such as probiotics, traditional Chinese medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet, and exercise may improve sleep by affecting neurotransmitter and microbial metabolite release.
Melissa officinalis Phytosome (MOP) improves sleep quality in adults with mild insomnia
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, MOP significantly reduced Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores by an average of 2.9 points compared to placebo (6.8 ± 4.1 vs 9.7 ± 3.7, p=0.003). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) duration increased by 15%, REM sleep decreased by 10%, and 87% of treated participants reported improved sleep quality versus 30% in the placebo group (χ²=21.01, p=0.0003).
Gut microbiota taxa are causally associated with insomnia risk in European ancestry individuals
A Mendelian randomization study identified that Enterorhabdus, Family XIII AD3011 group, Paraprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 increase insomnia risk, while Coprococcus1, Coprobacter, Desulfovibrio, Flavonifractor, Olsenella, Odoribacter, and Oscillibacter decrease risk. For specific insomnia phenotypes, Eisenbergiella increased risk of trouble falling asleep, while Haemophilus and Eubacterium brachy group reduced it; Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, and Olsenella increased risk of waking too early, while Eubacterium brachy group and Victivallis reduced it.
Six hub herb pairs (Radix Astragali-Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong-Radix Glycyrrhizae, Seman Platycladi-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae-Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Polygalae-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Radix Astragali-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) may treat insomnia via the cAMP signaling pathway synergistically with HIF-1, prolactin, chemical carcinogenesis receptor activation, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
This study analyzed 104 TCM prescriptions for insomnia using data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Six hub herb pairs were identified, and network pharmacology suggested they may act through the cAMP signaling pathway in synergy with four other pathways, with molecular docking showing good binding affinity between active ingredients and hub targets.
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