1269 sleep evidence claims,
each scored for scientific confidence
A database built for humans. An API built for AI.
Representative claims people are checking:
Tart cherry juice (240ml twice daily) increases total sleep time by approximately 84 minutes and improves sleep efficiency in older adults with insomnia. The effect is attributed to natural melatonin content and procyanidins.
Browse Topics
All topics →Ambien, Xanax, Lunesta… and the natural stacks people use instead
Side-by-side comparisons for "[drug] + natural alternative" searches.
Trending Evidence
View all →Melatonin reduces sleep onset latency by approximately 7 minutes in adults with primary sleep disorders
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 19 RCTs (1,683 participants) found melatonin reduces sleep latency by ~7 minutes and increases total sleep time by ~8 minutes. Effects are more pronounced in older adults and those with circadian rhythm disruptions.
Low-dose melatonin (0.5mg) effectively shifts circadian rhythm for jet lag, shift work, and delayed sleep phase syndrome
Melatonin is the most potent chronobiotic available. Administered 5 hours before dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), even low doses (0.5mg) produce a 1-2 hour phase advance. This makes it effective for jet lag, shift work adaptation, and delayed sleep phase syndrome. Timing is more critical than dose.
Glycine reduces sleep latency in human RCTs
Glycine (3g before bed) significantly reduces sleep onset latency and improves subjective sleep quality in healthy adults. Evidence from 3 human RCTs shows consistent effects, with the mechanism involving NMDA receptor modulation and thermoregulation.
Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (150 min/week) significantly improves sleep quality in adults with chronic insomnia
A 4-week RCT found 150 min/week of moderate aerobic exercise significantly improved PSQI scores and objective sleep measures in adults with chronic insomnia. Exercise is recommended as a first-line behavioral intervention for insomnia.
Glycine improves overall sleep quality and reduces daytime sleepiness
Beyond reducing sleep latency, glycine (3g before bed) improves PSG-measured sleep quality including increased REM sleep and reduced nocturnal awakenings. Daytime sleepiness and fatigue are also significantly reduced the following morning.
Ashwagandha root extract (300mg BID) significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep onset latency in adults with insomnia
A well-designed 8-week RCT (n=138) found ashwagandha root extract significantly improved PSQI scores, reduced sleep onset latency, and improved sleep efficiency. Benefits were most pronounced in adults with insomnia and anxiety.
Fresh Evidence
Recently added, highest-rated claims
Honey improves cough-related outcomes in children with acute cough compared to pharmacological treatment
This meta-analysis of 6 RCTs (576 children) found no significant differences between honey and pharmacological treatments for most cough endpoints, except for a significant improvement in child sleep quality (MD: -0.73; 95% CI: -1.45 to -0.01; p=0.05). However, post-hoc sensitivity analyses suggested honey significantly improved all outcomes, including cough frequency, severity, bothersomeness, and sleep of children and caregivers, though these findings are hypothesis-generating.
Digital CBTi shows the largest reduction in insomnia severity among cancer survivors compared to other delivery methods
In a network meta-analysis of 22 RCTs involving 2040 cancer patients, digital CBTi (dCBTi) demonstrated the largest reduction in insomnia severity index (ISI) scores compared to treatment as usual (MD = -9.70, 95% CI = -10.80 to -8.61), followed by telephone CBTi (MD = -8.74). dCBTi also significantly improved sleep onset latency (-30.95 min), wake after sleep onset (-25.62 min), total sleep time (+31.67 min), and sleep efficiency (+14.63%). However, the certainty of evidence was low to very low due to imprecision and network incoherence.
GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce apnea-hypopnea index in overweight or obese patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea
In a network meta-analysis of 15 studies (13 RCTs, 2 case-control) involving 1,877 participants, GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrated the greatest reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) compared with placebo, with a mean difference of -15.28 events/h (95% CI, -22.22 to -8.35). They also significantly lowered BMI (MD = -1.78 kg/m2) and improved mean SpO2 (MD = 0.40%). However, the certainty of evidence was low for the AHI outcome, and comparisons with other active interventions were largely non-significant.
Exercise interventions improve sleep quality in breast cancer survivors
A meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials found that exercise interventions significantly improve sleep quality in breast cancer survivors (Hedges' g = -0.63, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.46, P = 0.00). Subgroup analyses suggested larger effects for yoga, sessions of 60 minutes, three times per week, and interventions lasting more than 12 weeks, with comparable effects for group and individual formats.
Melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists reduce delirium risk in hospitalized patients
In a network meta-analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials involving 5045 patients, melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists were associated with a 23% lower risk of delirium compared with non-active control conditions (RR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.92). The effect was more evident in non-ICU and surgical populations, but the certainty of evidence was low to moderate.
Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for 15 or 25 days does not improve long COVID symptoms in cognitive, autonomic, or exercise phenotypes
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, 959 adults with long COVID were assigned to 15 or 25 days of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or placebo. No statistically significant benefits were observed for any primary endpoint across the three symptom phenotypes (cognitive, autonomic, exercise). Adjusted differences for primary outcomes were small and non-significant, with p-values ranging from 0.19 to 0.99.
Evidence Explorer
744 claimsSleep disturbance is the strongest bridge symptom linking athlete burnout, depression, and anxiety in collegiate athletes.
In a network analysis of 1,226 Chinese collegiate athletes, sleep disturbance (PHQ-3) emerged as the strongest bridge symptom (bEI = 0.47) connecting the three clusters of burnout, depression, and anxiety. The most central nodes were depressed mood (PHQ-2; EI = 1.22), physical exhaustion (ABQ-E8; EI = 1.11), and uncontrollable worry (GAD-2; EI = 1.07).
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt share genetic architecture with sleep regulation-related gene sets
Stratified analyses showed that suicide attempt pairs were enriched for gene sets related to sleep regulation, among other traits. The study used genome-wide association study summary statistics from 15 studies (N=46,350-975,353) and identified shared loci mapping to 798 unique genes.
Balance and sleep quality are significantly associated with attentional processing in Parkinson's disease, as measured by P300 latency
In a cross-sectional study of 28 individuals with Parkinson's disease and 27 healthy controls, balance (B = -4.909, P = 0.001) and sleep quality (B = 12.704, P = 0.007) were significantly associated with P300 latency, indicating their relevance to attention. Depression was not significantly associated with P300 latency (B = 3.472, P = 0.084).
Automated algorithms identify IN and OUT of bedtimes more consistently than patient-reported methods in adults with advanced cancer
Automated accelerometry algorithms identified IN and OUT bedtimes with 93-100% consistency compared to 48-83% for patient-reported methods (sleep diaries and event markers). All methods showed significant correlations (p < 0.001), but choice of method influenced sleep onset latency, percent sleep, and dichotomy index values.
Poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) is highly prevalent in adults attending a community health center in Buenos Aires
In a cross-sectional study of 208 adults (mean age 48.3 years, 76.9% women) at a community health center, 65.4% had a PSQI score > 5, indicating poor sleep quality. Key findings included sleep latency > 15 minutes in 81.3%, daytime dysfunction in 66.3%, and sleep duration < 7 hours in 58.7%.
Phenotype-supported diagnosis and combined immunotherapy improve sleep and neuromuscular symptoms in seronegative Morvan syndrome
A 63-year-old man with seronegative Morvan syndrome presenting with agrypnia excitata (2-3 h/night sleep, ISI 24/28) and peripheral nerve hyperexcitability was treated with combined immunotherapy (intravenous methylprednisolone, prednisone taper, azathioprine) and symptomatic therapy (carbamazepine, melatonin). At 6 months, sleep restored to 7-8 h/night, ISI decreased from 24 to 4, MRC sum score improved from 48 to 58/60, and CK dropped from 928 to 185 U/L.
Biomarkers should refine, not replace, clinical reasoning and athlete monitoring, with interpretation requiring individual baseline, sampling conditions, recent workload, nutrition, hydration, sleep, illness, sex-specific physiology, and performance.
This narrative review argues that routine biomarkers like lactate, creatine kinase, and cortisol are only useful when interpreted contextually, not against population reference ranges. Metabolomics expands interpretation by identifying pathway-level signatures, but omics-derived markers require standardization before routine use.
Psychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders are associated through bidirectional and overlapping pathways involving chronic low-grade inflammation, HPA axis dysregulation, insulin resistance, and sleep/circadian disturbance.
This narrative review synthesizes evidence that psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, SMI) and cardiometabolic disease share bidirectional biological pathways, including inflammation, HPA axis dysregulation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered brain energy metabolism, gut microbiome disruption, and sleep/circadian disturbance. The review emphasizes that metabolic dysfunction may worsen psychiatric symptoms and vice versa, supporting integrated care and routine metabolic screening.
Alternative therapies such as mindfulness, meditation, yoga, music therapy, herbal supplements, aromatherapy, and hypnosis may serve as effective adjuncts or alternatives for managing sleep disorders.
The review indicates that complementary and alternative medicine approaches have gained attention for managing sleep disturbances, particularly when conventional treatments are limited by side effects, accessibility, or patient preference. No specific quantitative results are provided in the abstract.
Circadian rhythm disturbances are associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and progression from MCI to dementia in elderly individuals aged 60 years and older.
This systematic review of 10 studies (5,707 participants) found that circadian dysregulation, measured via actigraphic rest-activity metrics, sleep quality parameters, and lifestyle exposures, was consistently associated with a higher risk of developing or progressing MCI and dementia in adults aged ≥60 years. The findings support a negative impact of circadian and sleep disturbances on cognitive health in the elderly.
Mucuna pruriens improves motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease with benefits comparable to levodopa
Mucuna pruriens was supported by Grade A evidence for motor improvement in Parkinson's disease, showing benefits comparable to levodopa and increased ON time without worsening dyskinesia. It also reduced dyskinesia with Grade B evidence.
Rett syndrome imposes a substantial, lifelong multisystem burden requiring continuous surveillance and anticipatory, multidisciplinary care rather than symptom-driven management.
A global literature review of 148 studies across 24 countries found that Rett syndrome is associated with high prevalence of neurological, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal comorbidities, including epilepsy (15-91%), scoliosis (8.9-100%), constipation (16.4-82.8%), and gastroesophageal reflux (15.8-100%). Medication use is common, with antiepileptic drugs being the most frequent (monotherapy 14.3-33.0%), followed by proton-pump inhibitors (37-61%), melatonin (7.7-30%), and anti-anxiety agents (10-21.4%). The findings support proactive, coordinated care and routine medication review.
Newest Studies
All →Comparative Treatment Strategies for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Their Relationships with Aberrant Driving Behaviors: Taxi Drivers in Taipei Metropolitan Area.
Nature and science of sleep, 2026 · observational
Associations of life's crucial 9 and its components with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic kidney disease patients.
Clinical nephrology, 2026 · observational
Honey vs. pharmacological treatment for acute cough in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
European journal of pediatrics, 2026 · observational
Caregiver-reported short-term effect and quality of life improvements after tympanostomy tube insertion in children with chronic otitis media with effusion.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2026 · observational
Recently Updated
All →Insomnia induces intestinal microbiota disorder, and artificial interventions targeting gut microbiota can improve sleep.
This narrative review summarizes evidence that insomnia can disrupt intestinal microbiota by activating immune responses, the HPA axis, and neuroendocrine systems, while gut microbiota can exacerbate insomnia via neurotransmitter and inflammatory factor release. Artificial interventions such as probiotics, traditional Chinese medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet, and exercise may improve sleep by affecting neurotransmitter and microbial metabolite release.
Melissa officinalis Phytosome (MOP) improves sleep quality in adults with mild insomnia
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, MOP significantly reduced Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores by an average of 2.9 points compared to placebo (6.8 ± 4.1 vs 9.7 ± 3.7, p=0.003). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) duration increased by 15%, REM sleep decreased by 10%, and 87% of treated participants reported improved sleep quality versus 30% in the placebo group (χ²=21.01, p=0.0003).
Gut microbiota taxa are causally associated with insomnia risk in European ancestry individuals
A Mendelian randomization study identified that Enterorhabdus, Family XIII AD3011 group, Paraprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 increase insomnia risk, while Coprococcus1, Coprobacter, Desulfovibrio, Flavonifractor, Olsenella, Odoribacter, and Oscillibacter decrease risk. For specific insomnia phenotypes, Eisenbergiella increased risk of trouble falling asleep, while Haemophilus and Eubacterium brachy group reduced it; Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, and Olsenella increased risk of waking too early, while Eubacterium brachy group and Victivallis reduced it.
Six hub herb pairs (Radix Astragali-Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong-Radix Glycyrrhizae, Seman Platycladi-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae-Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Polygalae-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Radix Astragali-Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) may treat insomnia via the cAMP signaling pathway synergistically with HIF-1, prolactin, chemical carcinogenesis receptor activation, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
This study analyzed 104 TCM prescriptions for insomnia using data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Six hub herb pairs were identified, and network pharmacology suggested they may act through the cAMP signaling pathway in synergy with four other pathways, with molecular docking showing good binding affinity between active ingredients and hub targets.
Not a content website. An evidence engine.
Evidence Scored
Every claim is scored on human RCTs, meta-analyses, mechanism, and safety. No more guessing what "studies show" means.
Claim Graph
Claims link to studies, doses, populations, and mechanisms. When new research appears, everything updates.
AI-Ready API
Structured JSON API designed for ChatGPT, Claude, and AI agents. Not just human-readable — machine-computable.
API Documentation
REST endpoints for claims, evidence, and search. Built for AI consumption.
Browse All Claims
Explore all evidence-backed claims with full study details.
Browse by Topic
Glycine, magnesium, melatonin, and more. Find claims by compound.