1231 sleep evidence claims,
each scored for scientific confidence
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Representative claims people are checking:
Tart cherry juice (240ml twice daily) increases total sleep time by approximately 84 minutes and improves sleep efficiency in older adults with insomnia. The effect is attributed to natural melatonin content and procyanidins.
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All topics →Ambien, Xanax, Lunesta… and the natural stacks people use instead
Side-by-side comparisons for "[drug] + natural alternative" searches.
Trending Evidence
View all →Melatonin reduces sleep onset latency by approximately 7 minutes in adults with primary sleep disorders
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 19 RCTs (1,683 participants) found melatonin reduces sleep latency by ~7 minutes and increases total sleep time by ~8 minutes. Effects are more pronounced in older adults and those with circadian rhythm disruptions.
Low-dose melatonin (0.5mg) effectively shifts circadian rhythm for jet lag, shift work, and delayed sleep phase syndrome
Melatonin is the most potent chronobiotic available. Administered 5 hours before dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), even low doses (0.5mg) produce a 1-2 hour phase advance. This makes it effective for jet lag, shift work adaptation, and delayed sleep phase syndrome. Timing is more critical than dose.
Glycine reduces sleep latency in human RCTs
Glycine (3g before bed) significantly reduces sleep onset latency and improves subjective sleep quality in healthy adults. Evidence from 3 human RCTs shows consistent effects, with the mechanism involving NMDA receptor modulation and thermoregulation.
Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (150 min/week) significantly improves sleep quality in adults with chronic insomnia
A 4-week RCT found 150 min/week of moderate aerobic exercise significantly improved PSQI scores and objective sleep measures in adults with chronic insomnia. Exercise is recommended as a first-line behavioral intervention for insomnia.
Glycine improves overall sleep quality and reduces daytime sleepiness
Beyond reducing sleep latency, glycine (3g before bed) improves PSG-measured sleep quality including increased REM sleep and reduced nocturnal awakenings. Daytime sleepiness and fatigue are also significantly reduced the following morning.
Ashwagandha root extract (300mg BID) significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep onset latency in adults with insomnia
A well-designed 8-week RCT (n=138) found ashwagandha root extract significantly improved PSQI scores, reduced sleep onset latency, and improved sleep efficiency. Benefits were most pronounced in adults with insomnia and anxiety.
Fresh Evidence
Recently added, highest-rated claims
NIV may confer greater short-term clinical benefit in children with severe acute asthma requiring respiratory support
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of pediatric asthma exacerbations, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) showed the greatest improvement in asthma scores compared to oxygen (MD = 1.24, p = 0.07), reaching significance in sensitivity analysis (MD = 2.5, p < 0.001). High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) showed no significant benefit over oxygen (MD = 0.24, p = 0.58) and was associated with higher failure rates compared to NIV (12.6% vs. 2.6%, OR = 5.3, p < 0.001).
Physical exercise training may increase cardiorespiratory fitness in people with spinal cord injury
This systematic review of 17 randomized controlled trials (505 participants) found that physical exercise training may increase cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), with a standardized mean difference of 0.48 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.77) compared to no intervention. However, the certainty of evidence is low due to high risk of bias in most studies, and effects on other outcomes (functional fitness, quality of life, depression, anxiety, adverse events) are very unclear.
Moderate physical activity is associated with a modest reduction in insomnia risk, while occupational physical activity may increase insomnia risk
This meta-analysis of 27 observational studies found that moderate physical activity was associated with a 7% lower risk of insomnia (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.87-1.00), while high physical activity showed no significant association (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.85-1.09). Occupational physical activity was associated with a 21% higher risk of insomnia (OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.43). The findings suggest that the intensity and domain of physical activity matter for sleep health.
Nurses' sleep duration and quality have declined significantly over recent decades
A meta-regression of 280 studies involving 219,245 nurses found a significant decline of 28.7 minutes in sleep duration between 1985 and 2022 (95% CI: 26.2, 33.1, ES: 0.43) and a 1.6-point increase in global PSQI scores between 1990 and 2023, indicating poorer sleep quality (95% CI: 1.47, 1.77, ES: 0.49). These trends suggest an increased risk of fatigue, impaired clinical performance, staff burnout, and work-related accidents.
LTC-022 (Lactium and L-theanine) improves sleep maintenance and bedtime regularity in adults with sleep discomfort
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of 40 adults with sleep discomfort, 8 weeks of LTC-022 supplementation did not significantly improve PSQI or ISI scores compared to placebo. However, sleep diary analysis showed significant reductions in wake after sleep onset (WASO) counts and earlier bedtime in the LTC-022 group, along with within-group improvements in total sleep time, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency. Gut microbiome analysis revealed increased abundance of Blautia and Ruminococcus genera in the LTC-022 group.
Brief CBT-I improves insomnia symptoms in women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer
In a randomized clinical trial of 219 women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer, 6 weeks of CBT-I significantly reduced insomnia symptoms (ISI score MD, -2.19 [95% CI, -3.33 to -1.05]; P=.002) compared to non-CBT-I groups. However, CBT-I did not significantly improve fatigue symptoms (PROMIS-Fatigue MD, -0.90 [95% CI, -3.08 to 1.28]; P=.52). Bright light therapy (BLT) did not significantly improve either insomnia or fatigue symptoms compared to non-BLT groups.
Evidence Explorer
1000 claimsDelayed estimated circadian phase is associated with greater restless legs syndrome symptom severity
In an exploratory pilot study of 21 patients with idiopathic RLS and 21 matched insomnia controls, patients with RLS showed a non-significant trend toward delayed estimated dim light melatonin onset (eDLMO) compared to controls (10:01 PM vs 9:33 PM, p=0.069, d=0.58). Within the RLS group, later eDLMO was modestly associated with higher RLS symptom severity scores (β=0.0726, p=0.038) after adjusting for age and depressive symptoms.
Virtual tourism multisensory stimulation improves cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and sleep in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
In a randomized controlled trial, 66 older adults with mild cognitive impairment received either 8 weeks of virtual tourism multisensory stimulation or waitlist control. The intervention group showed significant improvements in cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and sleep, with benefits sustained up to 16 weeks. Attrition was 6.06% and activity attendance was 81.25%.
Stapokibart improves sleep quality in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
In a post hoc analysis of the phase 3 CROWNS-2 study, stapokibart significantly improved SNOT-22 Sleep domain scores compared with placebo during the 24-week double-blind period. These improvements were maintained and further progressed during the open-label extension and safety follow-up periods, indicating sustained benefit for sleep quality.
Binaural beats combined with pure music reduces perceived stress in college students with poor sleep quality
A 4-week bedtime audio intervention combining binaural beats with pure music significantly reduced perceived stress (PSS scores) compared to a control group in college students with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 7). The binaural beats group was more effective at reducing stress than pink noise plus pure music, but no significant group differences were found for morning salivary cortisol levels.
Multi-herb formula (VL-G-A57) and ashwagandha (VL-G-E12) improve sleep quality in stressed adults
In a 60-day RCT, both VL-G-A57 (Rhodiola, holy basil, Schisandra chinensis) and VL-G-E12 (full-spectrum ashwagandha) significantly improved sleep quality as measured by PSQI compared to placebo (VL-G-A57: p=0.0008; VL-G-E12: p<0.0001). Restorative sleep also improved significantly in both groups (p<0.0001).
An exercise oncology program improves sleep quality in head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemo-radiation therapy
A randomized controlled trial of 70 head and neck cancer patients found that a 7-week exercise oncology program (15-20 minutes of brisk walking and resistance training) significantly improved Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores from 13.97 to 7.09, while the control group's scores worsened from 13.06 to 14.14 (both p < 0.001). Urinary melatonin levels increased in the exercise group but the between-group difference was not significant after adjusting for baseline values (p = 0.372).
Multi-herb formula (VL-G-A57) and full-spectrum ashwagandha (VL-G-E12) improve sleep quality in stressed adults
In a 60-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, both VL-G-A57 (Rhodiola, holy basil, Schisandra chinensis) and VL-G-E12 (ashwagandha) significantly improved sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) compared to placebo. VL-G-A57 showed p=0.0008 and VL-G-E12 showed p<0.0001 for PSQI improvement, with corresponding improvements in restorative sleep (RSQ-W, p<0.0001 for both).
Tart cherry juice may improve sleep quantity and quality in older adults with self-reported insomnia
This protocol describes a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study testing 16 oz. of tart cherry juice daily for 4 weeks in 20 older adults with self-reported insomnia. The study aims to evaluate feasibility and collect preliminary data on sleep quantity/quality and biomarkers related to melatonin, cortisol, serotonin, and inflammation.
Electroacupuncture reduces migraine days and attacks in menstrual-related migraine compared to sham electroacupuncture
This protocol describes a multicenter single-blinded RCT evaluating electroacupuncture for menstrual-related migraine. 120 participants will be randomized to electroacupuncture or sham electroacupuncture, receiving 18 sessions over 12 weeks. The primary outcome is change in migraine days and attacks during weeks 9-12 versus baseline.
Early time-restricted eating and daytime bright light therapy may improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes
This protocol describes a 4-arm randomized controlled trial testing the independent and combined effects of early time-restricted eating (eTRE) and daytime bright light therapy (BLT) on glycemic control and other health outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes. The trial will randomize 344 participants to one of four groups: control, eTRE, BLT, or eTRE+BLT, with an intensive 16-week intervention and follow-up at 1 year. The primary outcome is glycemic control measured by HbA1c and 24-hour glucose.
Adding HMB to EPA/DHA supplementation for 10 weeks increases postabsorptive net protein breakdown in COPD patients
In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 46 patients with COPD received daily EPA/DHA, EPA/DHA plus HMB, or placebo for 10 weeks. The HMB plus EPA/DHA group showed a significant increase in postabsorptive net protein breakdown (p=0.028), while EPA/DHA alone did not, suggesting enhanced protein turnover cycling associated with lean soft tissue gain.
Ashwagandha root extract improves sleep quality in children aged 6-12 years
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 73 children aged 6-12 years completed an 8-week supplementation with Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) gummies (150 mg twice daily) or placebo. Parent-reported sleep quality, measured by the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), significantly improved in the ARE group (p = 0.035).
Newest Studies
All →Cognitive Behavior vs Bright Light Therapy for Insomnia in Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA network open, 2026 · observational
Depression prediction and key factors: A comparative analysis of logistic regression and machine learning models.
PloS one, 2026 · observational
Efficacy of benralizumab in reducing cough and/or dyspnea frequency, and improving cough-specific health-related quality of life in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in Asia.
Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease, 2026 · observational
Home-testing devices for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome - a systematic review and economic evaluation.
Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2026 · observational
Recently Updated
All →LTC-022 (Lactium and L-theanine) improves sleep maintenance and bedtime regularity in adults with sleep discomfort
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of 40 adults with sleep discomfort, 8 weeks of LTC-022 supplementation did not significantly improve PSQI or ISI scores compared to placebo. However, sleep diary analysis showed significant reductions in wake after sleep onset (WASO) counts and earlier bedtime in the LTC-022 group, along with within-group improvements in total sleep time, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency. Gut microbiome analysis revealed increased abundance of Blautia and Ruminococcus genera in the LTC-022 group.
Valerian, hops, and melatonin may improve sleep quality and reduce insomnia symptoms
This literature review suggests that certain supplements, particularly valerian, hops, and melatonin, could be effective in improving sleep quality and reducing insomnia symptoms. However, the strength of evidence varies, and optimal dosages, formulations, and treatment durations are not established.
Caffeine supplementation may have a detrimental effect on sleep and recovery in athletes
This systematic review of nine randomized controlled trials found that caffeine supplementation can adversely affect sleep parameters in athletes, including sleep quality, quantity, efficiency, number of awakenings, and sleep onset latency. The effects vary based on timing of consumption, habitual caffeine use, and dose.
Melissa officinalis Phytosome (MOP) improves sleep quality in adults with mild insomnia
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, MOP significantly reduced Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores by an average of 2.9 points compared to placebo (6.8 ± 4.1 vs 9.7 ± 3.7, p=0.003). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) duration increased by 15%, REM sleep decreased by 10%, and 87% of treated participants reported improved sleep quality versus 30% in the placebo group (χ²=21.01, p=0.0003).
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